Infant Botulism

Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin, produced by bacteria, that attacks the body's nerves. Botulism causes difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis, and even death.

Infant botulism is one of the 5 types of botulism, and happens when spores of the bacteria that causes botulism get into an infant's intestines, grow, and produce the toxin inside the baby's body. Infant botulism often starts with constipation, but is usually first noticed as difficulty feeding (sucking and swallowing), a weak and altered cry, and lack of head control. There is currently a multi-state outbreak of Infant botulism linked to infant formula.

Key points for clinicians:

• Initial diagnosis of botulism is based on clinical symptoms.
  
• Consultation is available for suspected cases; please call KCHD 24/7 number at (630) 208-3801 for support.
• If clinical consultation supports botulism, treatment must be initiated as soon as possible. Do not wait for laboratory confirmation.
• Botulism is a notifiable disease. All suspected cases must be reported to the Health Department​ within 3 hours.

Resources

Infant Botulism Treatment and Prevention Program

Frequently Asked Questions About Infant Botulism

IDPH Infant Botulism

CDC About Botulism ​

Infant Botulism Outbreak Linked to Infant Formula, November 2025

FDA: Outbreak Investigation of Infant Botulism: Infant Formula (November 2025)​

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