Parvovirus B19, also known as Fifth Disease, is a common viral illness that spreads from person to person. In the United States, infections occur more often during late winter, spring, and early summer. Parvovirus B19 only infects humans — you cannot get it from dogs or cats, and pets cannot get this virus from people.
Parvovirus B19 infection is usually mild, and many people may have very few symptoms or no symptoms at all. In some cases, however, infection can lead to complications for pregnant individuals, people with weakened immune systems, or those with certain blood disorders.
Many people infected with Parvovirus B19 have mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
Fifth disease can sometimes resemble measles because of its red, blotchy rash that often begins on the face and spreads to the body. However, fifth disease is generally less severe than measles, and does not usually include the high fever, severe cough, or other more serious symptoms commonly associated with measles.
A common symptom in children is a bright red facial rash often described as a “slapped cheek" appearance. A lacy rash may also appear on the chest, back, arms, buttocks, or legs. The rash itself can look concerning but is usually mild and resolves on its own.
Parvovirus B19 spreads through:
People are usually most contagious before the rash appears.
Complications are uncommon in healthy individuals but may occur in people with:
Parvovirus B19 can sometimes cause severe anemia (low blood count) in people with certain health conditions.
Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy is uncommon but can sometimes affect the unborn baby. Infection during early pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage or cause problems such as severe anemia in the fetus.
Most pregnancies are unaffected, but healthcare providers may recommend additional monitoring if infection occurs during pregnancy.
There is no vaccine to prevent Parvovirus B19 infection. The best way to reduce spread is to practice good respiratory and hand hygiene habits.
Most Parvovirus B19 infections are mild and resolve on their own.
Treatment may include:
People who develop severe anemia or complications may require blood products, other specialized medical treatment or supportive care.
